The evolving dynamics of energy cooperation between Turkiye and Iraq underscore the significant geopolitical shifts in the Middle East. As Turkiye secures a vital stake in the Kirkuk oilfield, this partnership not only promises substantial oil supply but also reflects a broader strategy of diversifying energy sources amidst regional complexities. This collaboration highlights the mutual benefits of security and economic interdependence in a changing landscape.
Turkiye is positioning itself to potentially receive up to 1 million barrels of oil per day from Iraq following its recent acquisition of a stake in the British Petroleum-managed Kirkuk oilfield, according to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. During a joint news conference with Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi in Ankara, Erdogan confirmed that the state-owned Turkish Petroleum (TPOA) would obtain a 15 percent share in BP Energy Company of Kirkuk Limited, solidifying a new energy partnership amid evolving regional dynamics.
The significance of this agreement emerged as al-Zaidi visited Turkiye to discuss a range of topics, including bilateral security, trade, transport, and water management, alongside the new energy deal. Notably, this occurred just after the expiration of the Iraq-Turkiye crude oil agreement that had governed the Kirkuk-Ceyhan Oil Pipeline—a conduit for Iraqi crude to the Turkish Mediterranean port of Ceyhan—since 1975. Instead of extending this pact, Turkiye is opting for a redefined energy cooperation framework with Iraq.
Erdogan emphasized the potential of this new arrangement, noting that Turkiye could meet its energy demands once the proposed oil transfer begins. “Yes, that’s correct. Once we transfer 1 million barrels of oil from our neighbor Iraq, it will meet our needs,” he stated.
The broader implications of this deal extend beyond energy ties. As highlighted by Mehmet Celik, an editorial coordinator for Daily Sabah, the collaboration signifies Turkiye’s commitment to diversifying its energy sources while also addressing security and development initiatives. The strategic partnerships are becoming increasingly crucial, especially given heightened tensions in the region, such as the ongoing geopolitical developments linked to the Strait of Hormuz.
The recent launch of the US-Israel campaign against Iran and the subsequent closure of the Strait of Hormuz have notably raised Turkiye’s stature in the eyes of Baghdad. This situation has prompted renewed calls for the resumption of oil exports via the Iraq-Turkiye pipeline, which had been stalled for years. Celik emphasized that the multifaceted cooperation between Turkiye and Iraq—focusing on security, energy, and transportation—will bolster their ties even as regional complexities mount.
Despite fluctuating relations over the past decade, particularly concerning security and natural resource management, maintaining a strong partnership remains a priority for Iraq. One of the intricate dilemmas in these relations is the presence of Turkish military forces in Iraqi territory, which is part of Turkiye’s efforts to combat the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), designated as a “terrorist” group by Turkiye, the United States, and the European Union. Estimates indicate that Turkiye operates approximately 50 military bases in northern Iraq, with around 5,000 troops stationed in regions such as Erbil, Duhok, and Nineveh.
Following a disarmament announcement by the PKK in mid-2025 as part of a peace negotiation with Ankara, Turkiye continues to regard the armed group’s presence in northern Iraq as a significant security concern. Erdogan reiterated the importance of dialogue, stating, “We are in close dialogue with our Iraqi brothers to ensure that our process of a terror-free Turkiye and our vision of a terror-free region become a reality.”
As the energy landscape in the Middle East evolves, the partnership between Turkiye and Iraq serves as a powerful example of how countries can collaborate for mutual benefit, enhancing both economic prospects and regional stability.
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